Since then, historical home lovers have been discovering the town’s charms, and it’s proven to be an extremely desirable location for retirees and young families alike. The entire Cape Charles Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.

The town experienced severe deterioration over the next few decades. With the decline of the railroad industry following World War II and the increase of local truck shipping resulting from the opening of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in 1964, Cape Charles experienced an economic downturn, forcing many to leave town to find jobs elsewhere. In 1958, the last passenger train left Cape Charles. At the town’s peak period of development in the early 1900s, as many as 300 cars per day were transported through the Cape Charles harbor. The town continued to grow and develop throughout the golden age of railroads, through World War II with its mission of ferrying troops and supplies, and into the 1950s until the auto ferry was moved to Kiptopeke. The additional 38 acres of filled land provided 97 new building lots. The original east-west avenues were extended west, and two more north-south streets were added: Bay Avenue along the edge of the Bay and Harbor Avenue between Bay Avenue and Pine Street. In 1911, wetlands near the Chesapeake Bay were drained and filled. Members of older county families were attracted to the town and built their homes among those of the railroad employees. Paved streets, electricity, telephones, and a central water and sewage system made the town more cosmopolitan than others on the Eastern Shore. By 1885, the first residential and commercial buildings were established in Cape Charles along with a volunteer fire department, a newspaper, a school, and multiple churches. Trains soon arrived daily from New York, and the Eastern Shore’s towns prospered as their produce could easily be exported to metropolitan areas. Within six months, two passenger steamers, as well as specially designed railroad freight barges, were regularly making the 36-mile Bay crossing. The original layout of the town is still visible today.īy October 1884, the railroad’s first passenger and freight trains began running. Seven avenues extending from east to west were named for Virginia statesmen the streets extending north and south were named for fruits and trees. In 1884, Scott commissioned two engineers to do the official mapping of the town, which was approximately 136 acres divided into 644 equal lots. From its very conception, Cape Charles was a planned community. Of this land, 136 acres went to create the town of Cape Charles. In 1883, Scott purchased three plantations comprising approximately 2,509 acres from the heirs of former Virginia Governor Littleton Waller Tazewell. It was this new railroad line that led to the establishment of Cape Charles.

Their goal: to establish a route that could move goods transported by rail across the Chesapeake Bay to Norfolk. Scott (a congressman from Erie, Pennsylvania) and Alexander Cassatt (then an engineer with Pennsylvania Railroad) hatched a plan to extend the existing Pennsylvania Railroad line another 65 miles from Pocomoke, Maryland to a point on the Chesapeake Bay. But change was on the horizon - within just a few years, the Bay Coast Railroad would transform the area from a small agricultural community to a bustling railroad town. Back then, the land that would become the town of Cape Charles was nothing more than farmlands and wetlands. One of North America’s earliest colonized regions, the Eastern Shore of Virginia was primarily made up of scattered small towns focused on seafood and agriculture until the 1880s. History of Cape Charles: From Railroad Roots to the Happiest Seaside Town

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